Author: Pete's Library
Protected: POC and Advice: NIHL
PAD Cases
Bermuda International Securities Ltd v KPMG [2001] EWCA Civ 269
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2001/269.html
Herbert Black & Others v Sumitomo Corporation & Others [2001] EWCA Civ 1819
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2001/1471.html
Arsenal Football Club Plc & others v Elite Sports Distribution Ltd [2002] EWHC 3057(Ch)
Edwards v Pirelli Cables [2003] CLY 396
SES Contracting Ltd v UK Coal PLC [2007] EWCA Civ 791
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2007/791.html
BNP Paribas v TH Global Ltd & Others [2009] EWHC 37 (CH)
BP Gas Marketing Ltd v Centrica Storage Ltd [2009] EWHC 732 (TCC)
Probjot Singh Rathore v Rolls Roys Goodrich Engine Control Systems Ltd (2009)
Sattar v Kirklees Council (and 5 other Applications) (2010) (CC)
https://www.blmlaw.com/handlers/getPublicationFile.ashx?oid=10672
Philip Rogers v Enterprise Mouchel (2010)
Alstom Transport v Eurostar International Ltd [2010] EWHC B32(Ch)
Mr Leslie Victor Robinson v Rolls Royce PLC (2011)
Alice Clegg v Cavendish Upholstery Ltd (2011)
Henry Alan Smith v Secretary of State for Energy & Climate Change [2013] EWCA Civ 1585
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2013/1585.html
Roche Diagnostics Limited v The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust [2013] EWHC 933 (TCC)
Personal Management Solutions Ltd v Gee 7 Group Wealth Ltd [2015] EWHC 3859 (Ch)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2015/3859.html
Anglia Research Sevices Ltd & Others v Finders Genealogists Ltd & Another [2017] EWHC 1277 (QB)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2017/1277.html
Protected: Lexcel
Protected: Insurance database
Protected: Costs Planning
Protected: NIHL: Engineering
Medical Agencies
Costs: Herbert v HH Law
Protected: QUANTUM:PARENTAL WORTH
QUANTUM – SERIOUS PI
STRESS AT WORK: NHS
STRESS AT WORK: UNISON
STRESS AT WORK: MIND
STRESS AT WORK: ACAS
STRESS AT WORK: HSE
British Asbestos Newsletter
Asbestos disease 1999
Asbestos – Research Paper 99/81 05/10/99 – Donna Gore & Alex Sleator, Science and Environment Section, House of Commons Library
https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/RP99-81/RP99-81.pdf
FTP Organisations: Hazards
Protected: FvJ
Protected: Appeal Documents: COSHH
Protected: POC: COSHH Regulations
Protected: POC: RTA
Protected: POC: nervous shock
Protected: POC: RSI , WRULD & VWF
Protected: Woodward Blogs
European Court of Human Rights
Great Return March 🇵🇸
On the first anniversary of The Great Return March and Land Day it’s appropriate to pay tribute to the tens of thousands of non-violent protesters who have been campaigning for what they believe is justice. I respect people who protest by marching, waving flags or even dancing when literally being under attack by tear gas or artillery fire:
https://twitter.com/peterpyke/status/1112206616328208384?s=21
So many legal and ethical issues arise out of the Palestine- Israel conflict including:
• Who should control the area where that the west refer to as Israel?
• Is Israel a legitimate state?
• To what extent should a country’s borders be able to change over time? Just because a particular plot of land initially belonged to country A does it mean that that plot should always belong to country A?
• Can an apartheid state ever be legitimate?
• Can a country who routinely murders and injures civilians, medics and journalists ever be legitimate?
• How should prisoners (including child prisoners) be treated?
• Are sanctions that cause so much hardship to civilians ever legitimate?
• What’s the role of arms manufacturers in the conflict?
• What should the UN do when it’s resolutions are ignored?
• What should other countries do to deal with the impact of “Friends of Israel”?
• Why do so many confuse criticism of Israel with being anti-semetic?
• Why is there so little coverage of the way that Palestinians are treated by mainstream media?
• What should be done to combat terrorism?
• To what extent is violent protest justifiable?
• Is BDS legitimate?
These and other issues maybe addressed in a blog on this site at a future date. In the meantime, listen to some Lowkey who was performing at The Ritz, Manchester at the Stampede Festival in July 2018:
https://share.icloud.com/photos/0Xh4BUBNtii24FwQ_mu6FQh-A#Manchester,_England
Interesting sites include:
https://jewishvoiceforpeace.org/
https://www.aljazeera.com/topics/country/palestine.html
https://www.map.org.uk/campaigns/campaigns
https://www.palestinecampaign.org/
https://www.lfpme.org/supporters/page/5
Friends of Israel:
https://www.lfi.org.uk/in-parliament/
http://www.friendsofisraelinitiative.org/
https://palsolidarity.org/2020/04/ism-statement-on-reported-fbi-probe/
https://www.inbrief.co.uk/claim-preparations/civil-claim-limitation-periods/
Pinsent Masons’ summary:
Company Restoration
Causation in Tort
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/10/contents
Mrs Shirley Anne Redman (suing as widow and administratrix of the Estate of Peter Redman, deceased) v Zurich Insurance PLC and Another [2017] EWHC 1919 (QB)
Money Laundering & Terrorism
FTP – Hip Hop
Law in Action (BBC Radio 4)
Deborah Magill (Executor of Colin Stuart Magill, deceased) v Panel Systems (DB Limited) [2017] EWHC 1517 (QB)
Holtby v Brigham & Cowan (Hull) LTD [2000] EWCA 58 (6th April 2000)
http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2000/111.html
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd t/a GH Dovener& Son (1st February 2001)
https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/personal-injury-law/33052.article
Fairchild (Suing as Administratrix and Widow of Arthur Eric Fairchild, Deceased) v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd & Others [2001] EWCA Civ 1881 (11th December 2001)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2001/1881.html
Fairchild (suing on her own behalf) etc v Glanhaven Funeral Services LTD and others etc (20th June 2002)
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200102/ldjudgmt/jd020620/fchild-1.htm
https://casebrief.fandom.com/wiki/Fairchild_v_Glenhaven_Funeral_Service
https://socialistworker.co.uk/art/5448/Asbestos%20cases%20welcome%20justice
Sienkiewicz (Administratrix of the Estate of Enid Costello, deceased) v Greif (UK) Ltd [2009] EWCA 1159
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2009/1159.html
Sienkiewicz (Administratrix of the Estate of Enid Costello, deceased) v Greif (UK) Ltd [2011] UKSC 10
https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2009-0219-judgment.pdf
Collins v Secretary of State for Business Innovation and Skills and Another [2014] EWCA Civ 717
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2014/717.html
Professor Carl Heneghan (Son and Administrator of the Estate of James Leo Heneghan. deceased) v Manchester Dry Docks Ltd & Others [2014] EWHC 4190 (QB) (11th December 2014)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2014/4190.html
Diane Sanderson (Executor of the Estate of Glyn Antony Sanderson, deceased) v City of Bradford MBC [2016] EWHC 527 (QB)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2016/527.html
Albert Victor Carder v The University of Exeter [2016] EWCA 790
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2016/790.html
https://www.clerksroom.com/downloads/648-4418-Clerksroom-PI-Briefing-46.pdf
David Kearns v Delta Steeplejacks LTD (2017)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2017/149.html
Bussey v Anglia Heating [2018] EWCA Civ 243
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2018/243.html
Click to access PT-Asbestos-Update-Briefing-Note-Bussey-v-Anglia-Heating.pdf
Claims for Miners
British Coal HAVS Claims Handling Arrangement 1999
http://www.coaleducation.org/glossary.htm
Noise-induced hearing loss and hearing conservation in mining – David McBride
Staying proceedings and service
Disability discrimination on buses
First Group PLC (Respondent) v Paulley (Appellant) [2017] UKSC 4
Tomlin Orders
Liverpool Victoria Insurance Company Ltd v Zafar [2019] EWCA Civ 392
See Gordon Exall’s Civil Litigation Brief blog:
- We say at once, however, that the deliberate or reckless making of a false statement in a document verified by a statement of truth will usually be so inherently serious that nothing other than an order for committal to prison will be sufficient. That is so whether the contemnor is a claimant seeking to support a spurious or exaggerated claim, a lay witness seeking to provide evidence in support of such a claim, or an expert witness putting forward an opinion without an honest belief in its truth…
- The essential feature of this form of contempt of court is the making of a false statement without an honest belief in its truth. In principle, where a false statement is made without an honest belief in its truth, a contemnor who acts recklessly is less culpable than one who acts intentionally. The extent of that difference in culpability will, however, depend on all the circumstances of the case. Without seeking to lay down an inflexible rule, we take the view that an expert witness who recklessly makes a false statement in a report or witness statement verified by a statement of truth will usually be almost as culpable as an expert witness who does so intentionally. This is so, because the expert witness knows that the court and the parties are dependent on his or her being truthful, and has made a declaration which asserts that he or she is aware of his or her duties to the court and has complied with them…. To abuse the trust placed in an expert witness by putting forward a statement which is in fact false, not caring whether it be true or not, is usually almost as serious a contempt of court as telling a deliberate lie.
- As we have indicated, an order for committal to prison will usually be inevitable where an expert witness commits this form of contempt of court…. As to the appropriate length of sentence, it is important to emphasise that every case will turn on its particular facts. The conduct involved in a contempt of this kind may vary across a wide range. The court must, therefore, have in mind that the two year maximum term has to cater for that range of conduct, and must seek to impose a sentence in the instant case which sits appropriately within that range. Where more than one contemnor is before the court, as in the present case, it will of course be necessary to make a judgment as to the comparative seriousness of their respective misconduct…. the Lord Chief Justice in Bashir had in mind as a starting point sentences “well in excess of 12 months” even for those who played the role of “foot soldiers” in the dishonest claims in that case.
- The court must, finally, consider whether the term of committal can properly be suspended. In this regard, both principle and the caselaw to which we were referred lead to the conclusion that in the case of an expert witness, the appropriate term will usually have to be served immediately, and that one or more powerful factors justifying suspension will have to be shown if the term is to be suspended…
- We should add that we accept, as was submitted on behalf of the Appellant, that the fact that the relevant false statement was made recklessly rather than intentionally will not in itself usually be a powerful factor in favour of suspending the necessary term of committal.
- With all respect to the judge, however, we are satisfied that the order for committal in this case was wrong in two respects. First, the term of committal should have been significantly longer than 6 months, even taking into account the mitigation available to the Respondent: we do not think the Respondent could have appealed successfully against a term of 12 months, and we cannot think that a term of less than 9 months was appropriate. Secondly, the term should have been ordered to be served immediately, there being no powerful factor in favour of suspending it. We are satisfied that a suspended term of 6 months fell outside the range of sentences which the judge, applying his mind to all the relevant factors, could reasonably consider appropriate.
- The judge’s decision as to sentence therefore falls to be reversed. We can remake that decision. We have however come to the conclusion that we should not impose a more severe sentence. We have decided not to do so, principally because we have sought in this judgment to give some guidance which was not previously available to those sentencing for contempt of court, and we accept that it would be unfair to the Respondent to impose upon him the adverse consequences of that guidance. Accordingly, our remaking of the decision would not result in any increase in the sentence, albeit that our reasons for reaching that outcome differ from those of the judge. In those circumstances we allow the appeal, but think it sufficient to declare that the sentence below was unduly lenient.
Pre-Action Costs
Issuing proceedings to recover costs: Ayton v RSM Bentley Bennison & Others [2018] EWHC 2851 (QB)
Click to access Ayton-v-RSM-Bentley-Bennison-Mark-Friston-LexisPSL.pdf
Contrib
An excellent blog in the Civil Litigation Brief by G Exall – the lesson is that if contributory negligence is pleaded against the Claimant, see if any of the allegations can be used against the Defendant:
CIVIL PROCEDURE BACK TO BASICS 22: WHEN THE CLAIMANT ADOPTS ALLEGATIONS OF CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE: HOIST ON YOUR OWN PETARD
Oaths & Statutory Declarations
Statutory Declarations Act 1835
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Will4/5-6/62/contents
Oaths Act 1978
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1978/19
Wording
http://trustsdiscussionforum.co.uk/t/new-oath-wording/7070
Can a Solicitor colleague administer an oath for two lay executors?
Statutory Declaration
Click to access how_to_prepare_a_statutory_declaration.pdf
https://d-w-s.co.uk/what-is-a-statutory-declaration/
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/statutory-declarations
Fees
In the “Practice Advice Service question if the week…” section of a recent the Law Society Gazette the following question was asked:
“I am a solicitor and have just started work in a busy high street practice. I regularly swear oaths and take declarations. My new firm wants me to account to them for all the oath fees received. In my previous firms, I have always been allowed to keep oath fees. Are the partners of the firm entitled to the oath fees?”
The following response was given:
“There are no rules or specific guidance on this. It is a matter for the partners of the firm to decide and for you to negotiate, if you can. There is limited information about VAT payable on such fees.
If the oath fees are retained by you personally, they are not subject to VAT unless you are registered or liable to register for VAT as a result of the aggregate of your personal taxable supplies. If you are required to account to your firm for oath fees received, then these fees should be dealt with as part of the firm’s taxable turnover.
or further information on oaths, please see the Law Society publication, Execution of Documents (3rd edition) which is available from the Law Society’s online bookshop at https://www.lawsociety.org.uk/bookshop
For further information please contact the PAS helpline on 020 7320 5675 or email practiceadvice@lawsocitty.org.uk”
Asbestos Disease 2019
MESSY (@MesoYorkshire) 02/03/2019, 10:40 Great question yesterday asking why Mesothelioma usually develops in only 1 lung. Had to go back to the the first National Meso audit from 2014 as laterality data doesn’t seem to feature in latest 2 audit reports.
Treat mesothelioma: Medical trial opens to treat asbestos-related cancer
Alan Mckenna (@avmckenna) | |
ONS published the latest Mesothelioma mortality data today for England and Wales. Slight fall in 2017 compared to 2016, falling from 2313 deaths to 2279. bit.ly/2DZmThY #mesothelioma #asbestos | |
Late payments
Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998:
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/20/section/5A
For late payment of insurance claims see: Part 5 of the Enterprise Act 2016:
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/12/contents/enacted
Asbestos victims: benefits
Consider whether or not the Claimant would be eligible for payments under:-
Pneumoconiosis (Workers’ Compensation) Act 1979 Scheme
Diffuse Mesothelioma Payment
(a) 2008 Scheme
(b) Diffuse Mesothelioma Payment Scheme (if diagnosed on or after 25/07/12)
Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit
Constant Attendance Allowance
Reduced Earnings Allowance
Exceptionally Severe Disablement Allowance
See: https://www.gov.uk/industrial-injuries-disablement-benefit/further-information
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2019/369/contents/made
Insurer Watch
Expert evidence & privilege
Edwards-Tubb v JD Wetherspoon PLC [2001] EWCA Civ 136
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2011/136.html
Bowman v Thomson [2019] EWHC 269 (QB)
The Supreme Court
Issuing Proceedings
Professional Negligence
Perry v Raleys Solicitors [2019] UKSC 5
https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/2019/5.html
https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6501777363028758528
Credit Card Debts
Cyber Insurance Policies
Wrongful Detention of a Patient
What price freedom? Counting the cost when DoLS goes wrong.
@DrBridgetDolan 01/02/2019, 08:16 “New damages case this week for COP practitioners. High Court AWARDS (not just approves) damages of £4000 per month (plus aggs) for wrongful detention of an incapable patient after several breaches of the MCA by an NHS Trust. Esegbona v Kings College Hospital [2019] EWHC 77 (QB).”
Special Days
Damages: Future Losses
Particulars of Claim
Recommended reading: Pleadings Without Tears – A guide to legal drafting under the Civil Procedure Rules by William M Rose, Blackstone Press Limited (5th edition, 1990)
Pleading in the alternative: Binks v Securicor Omega Express Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 993
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2003/993.html
https://swarb.co.uk/binks-v-securicor-omega-express-ltd-CA-16-Jul-2003
Importance of pleading facts clearly:
LIMITS ON THE DUTY OF COUNSEL TO ADVISE ON COSTS AND FUNDING: ALSO PARTICULARS OF CLAIM – IF YOU CAN’T PLEAD A CASE PROPERLY ITS PROBABLY INDICATIVE OF A POOR CASE
Insurance Disputes
Definitions
https://www.lloyds.com/help-and-glossary/glossary-and-acronyms
Avoidance
Involnert v Aprilgrance [2015] EWHC 2225 (Comm)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/2015/2834.html
Construction, Design and Management (CDM) Regulation Changes 2015 – ABI’s guidance
The Insurance Act 2015
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/4/contents/enacted
http://www.thomascooperlaw.com/insurance-act-2015-2/
https://www.lmalloyds.com/act2015
Click to access Willis%20Technical%20Insight%20-%20Insurance%20Act%202015.pdf
Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/6/section/2/enacted
http://gii.gi/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ConsumerInsuranceAct.JudithCrawfordABI.pptx
Fatal claims
Deborah Blake (Executrix of the Estate of Paul Nigel Blake, Deceased) v Mad Max Limited [2018] EWHC 2134 (QB)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2018/2134.html
FATAL ACCIDENT DAMAGES CONSIDERED: BLAKE -v- MAD MAX LIMITED
The jurisprudential basis for Regan v Williamson damages
Bereavement damages
Breaking news: The Government has published an order to allow bereavement damages to be awarded to people who have cohabited with the deceased for at least 2 years prior to their death. A long overdue step in the right direction bit.ly/2JaAUgL #Fairness4families
FATAL ACCIDENTS: PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO BEREAVEMENT PAYMENTS : ADVANCE NOTICE FOR LECTURES LATER IN THE YEAR (AND A NEW EDITION OF A BOOK…)
https://twitter.com/civillittweet/status/1269963956396986370?s=12
UBER
Asbestos Disease: Cosmetics
Asbestos Victims Support Groups Forum UK press release 21/05/18: Asbestos in childrens products sold in UK:
Hidden for decades: Johnson & Johnson may have known about carcinogens in baby powder since 1971:
https://www.rt.com/usa/446510-johnson-baby-powder-asbestos/
https:www.reut.rs/2EvQNMt
https://www.jnj.com/our-company/johnson-johnson-issues-statement-on-reuters-talc-article
Sri Lanka bans imports of Johnson baby powder due to concerns that it may contain asbestos:-
ACTION SHOULD NOT HAVE BEEN STRUCK OUT: DENTON PRINCIPLES NOT ENGAGED IN FAILING TO SERVE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM AND MEDICAL REPORT by G Exall:
Mark v Universal Coatings & Services Ltd & Anor [2018] EWHC 3206 (QB)
Mr Justice Martin Spencer allowed an appeal against an action being struck out. Case shouldn’t have been struck out for failure to serve POC and medical report.
ANOTHER CASE OF SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM GOING WRONG: GO ON – DICE WITH PROCEDURAL DEATH: WHAT COULD POSSIBLY GO WRONG by gexall When lecturing at the Zenith Chambers personal injury course this Thursday I only offered one prediction for civil procedure: “I’ll be here next year talking about claim form cases reported over the previous 12 months where things have gone wrong.” Less than 24 hours later (and from a court 500 yards away) I was – […] Read more of this post
Griffin Underwriting Ltd v Varouxakis (Free Goddess) [2018] EWHC 3259 (Comm).
SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM: WHERE THINGS CAN GO WRONG FOR THE DEFENDANT: RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS REFUSED by gexall There are numerous cases reported on this blog where issues relating to service of the claim form have gone wrong for claimants. However, as we have recently seen, a failure to respond accurately and timeously to claim form issues can give rise to real difficulties for defendants (and most probably their lawyers). Certainly if I […]Read more of this post
SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM: WHERE THINGS CAN GO WRONG FOR THE DEFENDANT: RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS REFUSED
LATE SERVICE OF THE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION: IT MAY STILL BE DANGEROUS – AND HERE’S WHYby gexall We have looked twice already at the judgment in Mark v Universal Coatings & Services Ltd & Anor [2018] EWHC 3206 (QB). One of the key findings in that case was that the claimant, who had served the particulars of claim, medical report and schedule late, did not require relief from sanctions to serve because there was […]Read more of this post
LATE SERVICE OF THE PARTICULARS OF CLAIM AND ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION: IT MAY STILL BE DANGEROUS – AND HERE’S WHY
BACK TO BASICS 18: WHEN IS A GOOD TIME TO APPLY TO EXTEND THE CLAIM FORM? NEVER, JUST NEVERby gexall An enquiry today related to service of the claim form. What was the best way to get at extension of time. My answer was short. Applying to extend claim forms is a form of (basically reckless) gambling. Defendants can always apply to set extensions of time aside. APPLYING FOR AN EXTENSION OF TIME TO SERVE […]
BACK TO BASICS 18: WHEN IS A GOOD TIME TO APPLY TO EXTEND THE CLAIM FORM? NEVER, JUST NEVER
NON-SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM: MORE CLAIMANTS DICING WITH PROCEDURAL DEATH (AND LOSING): JUDGE REFUSES TO PUSH THE ENVELOPE by gexall I am grateful to David Turner QC for sending me a copy of the judgment in HHJ Klein (sitting as a High Court judge) in Capital Alternatives Sales and Marketing Ltd v Nabas & Ors [2018] EWHC 3345 (Comm). This is a case that is very difficult to summarise. Essentially it is about errors by the […]
NON-SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM: MORE CLAIMANTS DICING WITH PROCEDURAL DEATH (AND LOSING): JUDGE REFUSES TO PUSH THE ENVELOPE
THE CONSEQUENCES WHEN SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM GOES WRONG: SOLICITOR’S LIEN OVERRIDDEN: NOT KNOWING THE RULES IN RELATION TO SERVICE AMOUNTS TO “MISCONDUCT”by gexall The judgment in Higgins & Ors v TLT LLP [2017] EWHC 3868 (Ch) shows another case that has been made problematic because of basic errors in failure of service of the claim form. The errors made by the solicitors in that case were so great that they amounted to “misconduct” and overrode their claim to a […]Read more of this post
THE CONSEQUENCES WHEN SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM GOES WRONG: SOLICITOR’S LIEN OVERRIDDEN: NOT KNOWING THE RULES IN RELATION TO SERVICE AMOUNTS TO “MISCONDUCT”
Clinical negligence 2018
Brayshaw v The Partners of Apsley Surgery & Anor [208] EWHC 3286 (QB) (30 November 2018)
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2018/3286.html
Surrogacy costs as an item of special damages
XX v Whittington Hospital NHS Trust [2018] EWCA Civ 2832